Pitt’s India Act, 1784: Features, Significance & Impact on British Administration (UPSC/JKAS)
Introduction The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 marked a decisive stage in the constitutional evolution of British rule in India. Enacted by the British Parliament under Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger, the Act was passed to rectify the administrative…
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Regulating Act of 1773: Features, Significance & Impact on British Administration
Introduction The Regulating Act of 1773 marked the first direct intervention of the British Parliament in the affairs of the East India Company in India. Enacted during the reign of George III, the Act was passed by the British Parliament under the…
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Dual Government in Bengal (1765–1772): Features, Working, Defects & Historical Significance for UPSC/JKAS
Introduction The system of Dual Government in Bengal was introduced in 1765 by Robert Clive after the East India Company secured the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II following the Battle of Buxar. Under this…
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Battle of Buxar (1764): Causes, Course, Consequences & Historical Significance for UPSC/JKAS
Introduction The Battle of Buxar (23 October 1764) was one of the most decisive battles in modern Indian history, fought between the British East India Company and a powerful Indian alliance comprising Shah Alam II, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Mir Qasim. The…
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Black Hole Tragedy: Controversy and Its Significance for UPSC/JKAS
Introduction The term “Black Hole Tragedy” is commonly associated with the controversial historical episode known as the Black Hole of Calcutta, which allegedly took place on 20 June 1756 in the old Fort William at Calcutta (present-day Kolkata).…
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Battle of Plassey (1757): Causes, Course, Consequences & Historical Significance for UPSC/JKAS
Introduction The Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757) was a decisive event in Indian history that marked the beginning of British political dominance in India. Fought between the forces of the British East India Company under Robert Clive and the army of…
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Mansabdari System under Akbar: Structure, Features, and Significance for UPSC/JKAS
Introduction The Mansabdari System was a unique administrative–military framework introduced by Akbar during the consolidation of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century. The term ‘Mansab’ literally means rank or position, and every officer (mansabdar) in…
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